Tuesday, July 19, 2011

A Guide to Computer Security

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Computer Training Textbooks


Computer training textbooks are primary teaching instruments in the field of computer learning. These are manuals of instruction classified according to the basis of subjects. A large collection of textbooks is available in book shops. Many publishing companies publish computer textbooks written by leading professors, to meet contemporary needs in computer education.

Computer training textbooks are published in fine printed format with hard covers. Most of these have graphical representations, documentation with a good explanation of topics and questionnaires. Computer language textbooks, computer application textbooks, programming and networking textbooks and technical reference books are mainly used in computer classrooms. These are useful for both teachers and students participating in a computer program. Apart from professional textbooks, custom versions of textbooks for specific universities are available in the market. These are typically designed with edited versions of full textbooks. Interactive computer textbooks are very useful for improving reading, reasoning, writing and content mastery.

Computer training textbooks are more expensive than other text books. But it is possible to save some money by smart shopping. For college students, the best sources of computer textbooks are university libraries and off-campus bookstores. Libraries feature a good stock of computer training textbooks that can be used throughout the course. For those looking solely for library books, weekends are the perfect time to locate them. Another method of buying computer textbooks is online purchase, because most teachers use the web to post the textbooks required, prior to the beginning of each semester. You can visit online shopping websites including amazon.com, ebay.com, and half.com for new or used textbooks. Leading publishing agents may also be approached for computer training textbooks.

Owing to increased costs, many publishers sell computer training textbooks as a bundle with extra materials such as website access cards, CDs, and discount coupons. Unfortunately, computer textbooks have a comparatively limited market.




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The Value of a Computer Information Systems Degree


The invention of computers has changed the world. In this, the computer age, almost everything we do involves computers and the Internet. Communication, business, entertainment, and other aspects of human life rely on computers and related technology. It's essential for people to adapt to the computer revolution by making themselves familiar with computer related knowledge. Computer information systems degree and similar courses can provide people with opportunities to benefit from the influence of computers.

Many parents these days are encouraging their children to consider a computer information systems degree for their future career. Parents can sense the trends of the present job market and they know that computer related degrees are a wonderful way of approaching college. A computer information systems degree provides a person with valuable knowledge that are in demand in most modern businesses. Knowledge about computers in today's world gives a person an edge over individuals who are computer illiterate.

I have a brother who was fond of computer games when he was a child. His interests influenced him to go after a computer systems information degree in college and these days he has got himself a lucrative business. It was amazing to see him progress through his schooling. He was very dedicated and interested in his course and earned his degree in a short period of time. My brother has certainly made a wise decision in pursuing a computer information systems degree.

The use of computers is still expanding. The present trends clearly show that computers will continue to play a major role in human life. If you want to be familiar with computers by taking up a computer systems information degree, you can hop on the Internet and discover the available opportunities. Start working your way towards a wonderful computer career via a computer information systems degree.




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Grid Computing


Most industries today have become so dynamic that organisations have to consistently seek and adapt to change, in order to survive and prosper. Factors like more diversified customer preferences, technological advances, increased competitive threats and an intensified global economy are among the forces inducing change. Organisations need to become more adaptable embracing Charles Darwin's view that "it is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one that is the most adaptable to change".

A survey conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers in March 2004 shows that 47% of the CEO's of the US's fastest growing companies believe that their most critical success factor is having flexible strategies to respond to accelerating business changes. However, many recently implemented Information Systems still tend to ignore this need for flexibility and at times are hard to scale and customise, thereby limiting the ability of an enterprise to react fast to its evolving business needs.

In the last two decades we constantly experienced a dramatic change in the way we store and process digital information. Every few years there has been an industry breakpoint; an important new computing concept that changed radically the way computers are used and Information Systems are implemented. Examples include graphical and more user-friendly interfaces, the clientserver concept and the Internet. Such factors have somehow aided and contributed to position computers as a necessary commodity. Additionally, with the constant drop in the cost of hardware, and better and cheaper network bandwidth, computers have become even more ubiquitous. The Internet has evolved tremendously and is today considered as probably the most effective communication medium. Whilst technology tends to evolve in a non-linear fashion, Moore's Law has ensured that processing power has been increasing exponentially.

Though this is contributing to easier hoarding and dissemination of information, ICT professionals today still face tough challenges. ICT budgets grew rapidly in the late 90's in anticipation of the Y2K problem. In these last years many ICT departments have been even asked to cut their budgets while they were expected to continue providing an appropriate information infrastructure so as to enable the organisations to augment their products and possibly gain a competitive edge. Hardware replacement cycles are perceived to have increased. Generally speaking, ICT budgets did not grow in these last years in line with the computational needs of the organisations; whilst workloads are still increasing, the capacities to handle them are not.

In some cases increasing a firm's computational needs might end up in a lot of computational power which is not appropriately utilised. Why? Consider for example the utilization of a server machine. Most of the time its real processing capacity is not used at all. However maybe sometimes because a large and long process is executed or the number of connected users temporarily increase, the server might endup experiencing a processing overload. It has been estimated that on average a desktop computer uses only about 5% to 8% of its processing power (EuropeanCeo, 2005). Whilst, as Hendry (2004) reports, load balancing can aid in the distribution of processing and communication activity, similar servers that experience spikes in processor usage are barely used for the rest of the day and eventually end up with a large amount of unused computing capacity.

So the inevitable questions are, is it really feasible to increase and upgrade the firm's single source of computational power if most of the time the existing processing power is not being used? How can we ensure that a firm's computational resources are well balanced and allocated, so as to minimise wastage and eventually, justify any further investment in the ICT infrastructure?

The basic concept that gives insight to the answer to these questions extends back to the 70's when the notion of distributed computing was born. Today, we are seeing increasing interest among business communities in what is termed as, Grid Computing.

Definition

World-renowned organisations are promoting the Grid in a big way and several definitions can be found. It has become a fashionable term. Dr. Ian Foster, a professor at the University of Chicago and director of the Distributed Systems Lab at Argonne National Laboratory, a pioneer in Grid Computing, provided his definition for the layman as being the "technology to enable the sharing of computing resources across institutional boundaries". Research firm, Gartner, Inc., defines grid computing as a way to solve computing tasks using resources that are shared by more than one owner and coordinated to solve more than one problem.

The concept of Grid Computing was initially popular among academics, research and scientific communities. It was used for functions that required a substantial amount of computing power. However in these last years, an increasing number of organisations are early adopting and trying to reap benefits from this technology.

There are numerous examples where Grid computing has been applied. Among the research communities, Oxford University is using Grid technology to analyse 3.5 billion molecules to work out their cancer fighting potential. Same is being done by Stanford University in order to analyse the role protein plays in keeping people healthy. The search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) project is another example. Here, volunteers download and install a free program so as to process and analyse massive amounts of data in search of evidence of possible radio transmissions from extraterrestrial life. When tallying up all the processing power that these PC's provide, it's like having one big supercomputer. Grid technologies also played a major role in identifying the world's largest known prime number. This was part of the Marsenne project where scientists identified the 43rd Marsenne Prime 230,402,457-1. - a figure that contains 9,152,052 digits.

Business Applicability

Within business communities, the Grid concept is far more popular among large corporations. Baum, the publishing editor for Oracle Corporation, states that these corporations are initially attracted by the amount of savings that the technology can provide. Mainstay Partners conducted an ROI study to evaluate the enterprise grid technology platforms currently in use at seven participating companies. It was concluded that the adaptation of grid technology yielded an average of 43 percent savings in hardware cost. Much of the savings were credited to the shift from a large symmetric multiprocessor server to a number of lower cost servers. With the use of Grid technology the latter setup delivered similar or at times even more computational power than the larger system, however with fewer costs. Baum's report adds that the grids within these companies were being used for a variety of applications, including enterprise resource planning (ERP), decision support, customer relationship management (CRM), and supply chain management (SCM).

Still, companies that operate in the financial services industry, drug discoveries and weather modeling are initially more prone to benefit from Grid technologies, as they are involved in complex scientific and mathematical calculations and therefore require an added amount of computational power. So are companies that tend to process large amounts of data for their business intelligence activities. However, organisations are increasingly being enticed to adopt Grid technologies even for their transactional based systems, given that Grids may further facilitate storage space Issues.

Challenges faced by Grid Computing

IDC, the market intelligence and advisory services firm, are referring to Grid computing as the fifth generation of computing, after client-server and multi-tier (Table 1).

Yet, according to IDC, the technology still needs to be 'normalised' and has to overcome various challenges. IDC believes that these concerns, in some cases, are more perception than reality, and as organisations gain more experience with this distributed approach, their concerns will be laid to rest.

Additionally, a research conducted by the 451 Group shows that software licensing, security and bandwidth matters are among the things that can disturb grid rollouts.

Conclusion

Whilst Grid computing still needs to find broad acceptance in the commercial space, yet, market analysts state that the technology is here to stay. As Tom Hawk, the general manager of Grid computing for IBM says, "The Web is about sharing information. The grid is about sharing resources".




Sandro Azzopardi is a professional author who writes several articles on various subjects on his web site and local newspapers and magazines. You can visit information about this article and others on: [http://www.theinfopit.com/technology/gridcomputing-1.php]





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Small Desktop Computers


Small desktop computers are smaller than traditional desktop models. It is a good choice in rooms where space is a problem. With small computers, users get sufficient space to keep other items like extra drives and circuit boards.

Small desktop computers are available as slim line models. The computer case is long and wide, similar to ordinary desktop models. The difference is in the height and thickness of the cases. These computers are designed using the same techniques and principles as in a generic computer system. It makes use of both internal and external storages. The system disc can be an internal storage unit. Backup devices and data storage discs can be external devices.

Small desktop computers have advanced features and capabilities unlike the ordinary digital computers. There are small computers with megabytes of memory and large disks. Some computers come with integrated monitor and keyboard. Some computers have robust design and thermal efficiency that can benefit the computers in a wide range of applications. These computers facilitate users to operate more than one processor at the same time. These computers can even function as a server.

Small desktop computers make use of microprocessors and other discrete electronic components. There can be electrostatic discharges from users to these devices. This discharge gets coupled at the circuit board that holds the microprocessor and other components. This may cause damage or destruction to the devices. There are a number of methods used in small computers to solve this problem. One way is to have metallic shields at the connecters of key boards or display interfaces to circuit boards.

Small desktop computers can be used for personal and business needs. It finds usage in areas where large volumes of information are to be stored. With computers, it is possible to perform three dimensional calculations with less computational expenses and to produce sophisticated graphics. In the medical field, these computers can be used to diagnose diseases.




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It's Easy To Learn About Computers


No problem if you are deliberately avoiding computers. There is no problem of course if you have thought that the computer mouse will bite you. But do you still want to stay unacquainted with computers? Don't you want to learn about computers?

In fact, I can assure you that if you once try to learn about computers you will find yourself very interested. You will find out that computers are not so bad and they are easy to use. You gain so many conveniences using your computer. With just one click of the mouse, you will be able to accomplish many of your daily tasks. For example, you can book tickets for a concert, you can do the shopping online, you can check anything of interest, apply for loans and credit cards, play games, chat with your friends and colleagues, and of course, send e-mails.

What's more, you will even be able to learn about computers online. There is so much information available on the Internet about how to learn about computers. It will be easy to find it, just open a browser, and enter your keywords "learn about computers" in a search engine.

I can tell you about many ways to learn about computers. People who want to learn about computers are able to attend computer courses at local colleges and libraries. There you can find the answer you have searched for. You will learn much about the basic and more advanced applications.

Another way to learn about computers is to buy a book or take it for free at the local library. Relaxing in your sofa, you can learn about computers with a "Dummy" book. There are books with basic information to books that give information for advanced programs and applications.

If you want to learn about computers, there is also another option. Online tutorials and informational websites give plenty of information and advices for people who want to learn about computers. For beginners, I will recommend a web site that gives good basic information about computers and the internet - http://www.externalharddrive.com. Here you will also find a section with most frequently asked questions. Such sites are available also for children like http://www.kids-online.net, and http://www.homeworkspot.com. These sites will combine work and fun so your kids will easily learn about computers.

Adults can learn about computers for the same time as children. It is true that kids pick it up quickly. This can happen to adults as well if they are not so "scared" of the computer. Soon you will be amazed with all the conveniences and facilitations that computers and Internet provide to you. Fifteen years ago, Internet was just a dream, now you can have it in your home. Computers can be found in every home just like televisions. Nowadays, computers are smaller and cheaper than ever.

Everyone on this planet uses computer for some reason. We all use computers as we constantly use our cell phones for example. Are you still hesitating? Learn about computers now!




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Monday, July 18, 2011

Finding The Best Computers For Sale


Have you bought your personal computer already? And just don't tell me you have a Tandy 1000! I am sure you have hurled it in an empty room. I am talking about a real up-to-date computer. Is it a computer with all Internet access capabilities? Is it one, which is the latest array of technology! Maybe I'm going too far with this computer stuff. I just want you to be sure that you have the proper PC or Mac.

In order to witness the latest achievements of technology you'd better upgrade your computer. Otherwise, you should be acquainted with the wide variety of computers for sale. The computer is such a complicated machine that if fact there is no limit to what is available for sale. Computers can perform many complicated tasks nowadays. Do you want to burn a CD? Do not worry at all! Do you want to have high-speed cable Internet access at home? You will surely have it! Up-to-date machines can satisfy all your whims. You just need to search for computers for sale. If you don't have a proper computer, computers for sale are your only chance.

Now, we must make sure that you are aware of where to look for computers for sale. PCs shopping are not a difficult challenge. Computers for sale are available almost everywhere. I guess that there is even a PC shop on your street. May be one of the best places for shopping for PCs is Circuit City.

Computers For Sale

Then, you should think twice of what you want your personal computer to be able to do. If you want your computer to perform simple tasks like Internet access, sending e-mails and typing documents, it will be easy to choose. Moreover, your computer won't cost very much. For example, you can buy a Dell desktop package for around 300 dollars. This is a reasonable price. The package consists of monitor, tower, keyboard, mouse and often a printer. Another good shop for computers for sale is Best Buy. You can find there great alternatives of computers for sale ranging from Sony to IBM.

Do you prefer to buy a simple desktop PC or you dream of a mini notebook computer? I was very glad to see that nowadays they offer computers for sale as small as a half an inch thick. These computers even work as good as the desktop PCs! Using your computer, you are able to spend less to buy your favorite music. You can do this by simply downloading the tunes to the computer, and then burn them to a CD.

On the World-Wide-Web, a superfluity of computers for sale is available. The choice is so big that you may find yourself lost it the variety of computers for sale. Have you already searched for computers for sale? You can find online everything that is connected with computers in some way. Try to receive an advice that you are offered the best deals on hardware and software. Isn't it time to take a look at the computers for sale online? When talking about computers, things are changing every day.




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